The concept of professional development
"It is to raise the level of the proficiency of the teacher and provide him with the necessary expertise and skills to develop his performance to the best through a set of programs, activities, means, policies, and practices. It is a long-term process, which begins after appointment to the job after graduation, and continues throughout the years of the teacher’s work in the profession and where human efforts and material capabilities are combined, with the aim Improving teacher performance, which is comprehensive, wide, and continuous, and is not limited to the teacher only, but also includes the educational institution (working administrative leaders) responsible for the educational process. "

Reasons for professional development:
• Be able to achieve the goals and objectives of education.
• The orientation towards the teaching staff.
• The revolution in the field of information and communication technologies.
• Developments in the field of teaching and learning strategies.
• New developments in the field of evaluation.
• Going towards applying the comprehensive quality standards.
• Multiple roles and responsibilities.

Knowledge Revolution

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Teacher professional development goals:
 Improving the teacher’s performance and developing his capabilities, which makes him satisfied when working, to help raise morale and psychological spirit
Developing the teacher's skill in using information sources and searching for all that is new and developed.
Keeping up with developments in the field of specialization and applying all that is new and new
Establish the principle of continuous learning and lifelong learning and rely on self-learning methods
Developing some positive trends towards work and human relations between workers

Provide the trainees with information, skills, scientific and technological innovations, and educational theories
Training the trainees on creative thinking so that they can adapt to their work on the one hand and face their problems
Contribute effectively to address educational issues in a scientific and advanced manner

 Reasons impeding the professional development program:
 The school administration lacks the professional side and only performs its administrative work
The weak motivation of the teacher for professional self-development. Teaching methods based on memorization and memorization to pass the exam
Absence of a future vision. Fear of change and opposition to change because of the threats it carries. Weak information about professional development programs.
The weak desire for teamwork.
Weak material and moral incentives.

 

Types of professional development:

The professional development program varies according to its purpose, and with multiple goals, there are many types of professional development programs
Such as :
 Rehabilitation programs:
 Are represented in helping to rehabilitate the new teacher and the teachers who have non-educational qualifications, so they hold programs or courses help them learn about performance methods and teaching methods. And creativity in the use of means and the art of communicating information.

 

Treatment programs: 
When there are any deficiencies in the teachers, whether in personality, technical, administrative, or educational terms.

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 Renewal programs:
 They are usually held periodically to introduce modern educational theories and new knowledge in the field to teachers 
 

 Upgrade programs:
 Candidates are selected for administrative positions in order to acquaint them with the requirements of the new job. The principal or effective school leader practices multiple methods to achieve his or her professional development goals for employees

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The following figure shows the set of programs used in the professional development of teachers

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The inspectorate and professional development for teachers
Methods that can be used in the professional development of teachers:

First: Specialized meetings
Where the inspector discusses the various aspects of teaching the scientific subject with his teachers, and among the topics that can be addressed in these meetings are the following:
1 Educational / Learning Objectives -
2 Teaching methods (exploration, problem-solving, scientific presentations and how to produce them on the computer ........ etc.)
3 educational activities that achieve the goals of teaching the subject in each lesson -
4 teaching aids) identifying the existing ones in the school, training in their use, limiting and completing the school's needs of the means, proposing alternative means ......
5 School scientific activity accompanying the curriculum (planning / developing), scientific competitions -
6 methods for monitoring student growth, observation, follow-up, oral tests, and editorial work
7 Discuss the subjects of the school curriculum before teaching it to each unit of the book
8 discussion of a new scientific/educational topic
9 Study the field problems teachers face in their work and develop appropriate solutions to them -
10 Study the problems faced by the student in their learning and propose appropriate solutions for them

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. Second: field training
A) Lesson Models:

Where the wave, or one of the teachers, presents a lesson in the classroom with the attendance of all or some of the teachers, as these teachers claim to be teachers of the field in the neighboring schools, thus achieving the following:
1 That the teacher attends a lesson model that gives him the opportunity to straighten himself while watching a colleague do the work, thus exploring the method or methods that he can follow in the future to avoid negatives in his work and enhance the positives.
2 The lesson model assists some teachers in identifying new methods in teaching methods or using educational methods or assessment methods, and other teaching competencies.
3 Lesson models are useful in applying the proposed new methods of developing the work with the aim of experimenting with it, persuading others of it, or explaining the possibility of applying it or investigating the desired benefit from it.
4 Those who attended the lesson participate in the discussion to explain the pros and cons, and after that, the lesson provider, in conjunction with the mentor, prepares a report on the presented lesson form and a copy of it is sent to the technical guidance in the region and to everyone who attended the lesson.

 

B) Exchange of visits between teachers:
Where one of the teachers (or a number of them) visits another colleague according to a programmed plan to see the methods that he uses in his work, the teachers are different in their qualities, capabilities, and potential, and each side has a distinct and well-known aspect of it. Thus, the teachers grow quickly, and this also creates confidence in the soul, as each of them feels its importance to the group.

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C)  Discussions circles: 
The Discussions circles are considered one of the important methods in helping teachers to grow professionally, as teachers are encouraged to express their views and see what is new in their scientific fields, and the inspector chooses for discussion sessions the new and exciting topics, such as studying some of the problems that teachers face in their work and developing appropriate solutions or some of the problems students face in their education and to suggest appropriate solutions or discuss the subjects of the school curriculum to be taught .......
 
D) Visiting the classes: 
The inspector visits the teacher in his classes to see the educational situation on the field and analyzes it from various aspects to explore the strengths and weaknesses in light of the educational goals drawn, thus setting a plan to strengthen the aspects of strength and overcome the areas of weakness. To help teachers grow professionally

In addition to the previous methods, the mentor can use other methods to assist teachers in professional growth, including:
1 Encouraging them to be acquainted with all that is new in their scientific and educational fields and discussing that during their meetings.
2 directing their attention to attending lectures and seminars, paying attention to radio and television programs related to educational and educational work, and visiting public libraries

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Fourth: Caring for new teachers
The inspector and the supervising teacher must each give their care and attention to the new teacher and take their hand in facing educational situations in terms of:
A) Knowing the educational goals.
B) Translate general educational goals into behavioral goals.
C) Knowing the academic courses
D) preparing, preparing, and planning for the lesson
E) Definition of student evaluation methods

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Principal and teacher professional development:
The headmaster is an educational leader responsible for managing the school and providing the appropriate educational environment and the appropriate school climate, coordinating the efforts of the workers by diagnosing their reality and knowing their strengths and meeting their needs and guiding and evaluating their work 
The successful manager to know the tasks and responsibilities and administrative and technical tasks assigned to it and implement them with all skill and effectiveness, as the administrative aspect The executive and the technical supervisory side are complementary, and the successful school principal is not the one to perform the tasks of one.

The principal can, through various activities and supervisory methods, raise the adequacy of teachers in terms of knowledge and behavior and through a process of professional development for teachers, including:
1 Study and determine the professional needs of teachers.
2 Establish a program for professional growth and employ training methods and tools for professional growth in the light of the needs and available capabilities.
3 Carrying out studies and procedural research directed towards improving work and teachers' practices 
4 Find a system for continuous evaluation of teachers' work and follow them individually and collectively

Conclusion:
 The goal of technical guidance is not to discover the mistakes of teachers and the goal of the manager is not the administrative aspects, but the goal is to improve the educational process and put it on the right track.
Professional development for teachers should be based on creating opportunities for growth and improving performance by benefiting from the self-motivation of teachers 
  Thus, education for the teacher is a continuous growth process

because of the difficulty of preparing a good teacher for every time and place in light of the technology and information revolution, professional development has become more necessary in order to provide the educational service necessary for the teacher, 
which provides the teacher with materials for renewal in the areas of the educational process 

Sources
http://www.moe.edu.kw
http://www.edutrapedia.illaf.net